Anti-stress
Gular fluttering requires muscle activity in birds, resulting in excessive heat production inside the body. Gular fluttering increases the respiration rate up to 10 times (Brown-Brandl et al., 1997) and causes increased CO2 loss from the body (Abbas et al., 2012), resulting in an increase in the pH of blood plasma; additionally, the pH within the cells increases, resulting in respiratory alkalosis (Borges et al., 2007; Abbas et al., 2012). Increased gular fluttering causes increased loss of bicarbonate (HCO3) as well as urine output, ultimately increased the loss of electrolytes (Borges et al., 2003, 2004; Sahin et al., 2001). Moreover, the electrolyte intake from feed is also reduced because there is no intake of feed (Scanes, 2015). Furthermore, stress hormones appear in the blood,

Vitamin C can be given in the feed or in water to help regulate the body temperatures of birds; the addition of vitamin C to drinking water or feed helps to reduce corticosterone levels during heat stress
Vitamin C primarily synthesized by the kidneys in chickens however, during the hot and humid season (July to August), endogenous vitamin C becomes insufficient to fulfil the bird’s requirements

Sodium bicarbonate helps to reduce panting and to normalize the blood chemistry during heat stress. Also helps to improve egg quality and digestibility of nutrients.

Imbalances in acid-base balance occur in heat stressed birds Therefore, inclusion of various compounds in the diet or water is a common practice to alleviate the
adverse effects of heat stress Addition of potassium chloride is helpful to maintain osmotic and acid base balance and increase water consumption